ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIATION, SIGNIFICANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EMERGING FOLIAR FUNGAL DISEASES
Dr Firdos Katiar
Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Christ Church College, Kanpur
Download PDFAbstract
Environmental speciation is a process by which a single species diversifies and adapts to different environmental conditions, resulting in the formation of distinct subpopulations or subspecies. In the case of emerging foliar fungal diseases, environmental speciation can occur as the fungal pathogens adapt to different environmental conditions within their host plants or in the surrounding ecosystem. Fungal diseases that emerge on plant foliage can be caused by a variety of fungal species, each of which may have distinct environmental preferences and requirements for growth and reproduction. For example, some fungal pathogens may be adapted to thrive in warm and humid conditions, while others may be adapted to cooler and drier conditions. As the fungal pathogens encounter different environmental conditions, they may adapt through genetic changes or natural selection to become better suited to those conditions. Over time, this can lead to the formation of distinct subpopulations or subspecies with unique characteristics and adaptations. These subpopulations may differ in their virulence, resistance to fungicides, or other factors that influence their impact on the host plant and the surrounding ecosystem. You cannot miss best UK rolex replica watches with Swiss movements! Place an order online quickly! You can buy 2023 best omega super clone watches UK from the shop online. Understanding the environmental factors that contribute to the emergence and spread of foliar fungal diseases is an important aspect of disease management and control. By identifying the specific environmental conditions that favor the growth and spread of fungal pathogens, researchers and growers can develop strategies to mitigate the impact of these diseases and prevent their spread. This may include cultural practices, such as altering planting density or irrigation schedules, as well as the use of fungicides or biological controls.
Keywords:
Environmental speciation; foliar fungal diseases; pathology
References
- Lazarovits G, Turnbull A, Johnston-Monje D. (2014) Plant health management: biological control of plant pathogens; In: Van Alfen NK, editor. Encyclopedia of agriculture and food systems. New York, NY: Academic Press; p. 388–399
- Iqbal Z, Khan MA, Sharif M, et al. (2018) An automated detection and classification of citrus plant diseases using image processing techniques: A review. Comput Electron Agric; 153:12–32.
- Baiyee B, Ito S, Sunpapao A. (2019) Trichoderma asperellum T1 mediated antifungal activity and induced defense response against leaf spot fungi in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Physiol Mol Plant P.; 106:96–101.
- Singh V, Misra AK. (2017) Detection of plant leaf diseases using image segmentation and soft computing techniques. IPA.; 4(1):41–49.
- Barbedo JGA. (2016) A review on the main challenges in automatic plant disease identification based on visible range images. Biosyst Eng.; 144:52–60.
- Prado S, Li Y, Nay B. (2012) Chapter 8 - Diversity and ecological significance of fungal endophyte natural products In: -ur-Rahman A, editor. Studies in natural products chemistry. Vol. 36 UK: Elsevier. p. 249–296
- Tör M, Woods-Tör A. (2017) Fungal and oomycete diseases In: Thomas B, Murray BG, Murphy DJ, editors. Encyclopedia of applied plant sciences. second ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 2017. p. 77–82.
- Ferentinos KP. (2018) Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis. Comput Electron Agric.; 145:311–318.
- Rahman SFSA, Singh E, Pieterse CMJ, et al. (2018) Emerging microbial bio control strategies for plant pathogens. Plant Sci.; 267:102–111.
- Silva OC, Santos HAA, Pria MD, et al.(2011) Potassium phosphite for control of downy mildew of soybean. Crop Prot.; 30(6):598–604.
- Giraud T, Gladieux P, Gavrilets S. (2010) Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological speciation. Trends Ecol Evol.; 25(7):387–395
- Myo EM, Liu B, Ma J, et al. (2019) Evaluation of Bacillus velezensis NKG-2 for bio-control activities against fungal diseases and potential plant growth promotion. Biol Control.; 134:23–31
- Sathiyabamaa M, Balasubramanian R. (2018) Protection of groundnut plants from rust disease by application of glucan isolated from a bio control agent Acremonium obclavatum. Int J Biol Macromol; 116:316–319.
- Straat L, Graaff LH. (2014) Pathway transfer in fungi. Bioengineered.; 5(5):335–339.
- Gugino BK, Carroll JE, Widmer TL, et al. (2007) Field evaluation of carrot cultivars for susceptibility to fungal leaf blight diseases in New York. Crop Prot.; 26(5):709–714.
